Wheat allergy is can be difficult to manage because wheat is in so many foods! This is a guide for eating well with a wheat allergy including label reading tips, common sources of wheat, and more.
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Wheat allergy is one of the most common food allergies in children. The good news is, kids who develop this allergy at a young age can often outgrow it.
A reaction to wheat can be anything from eczema (skin) to abdominal pain and vomiting (gastrointestinal) to hives and even anaphylaxis.
Allergy vs intolerance
An allergy to wheat is different than a wheat intolerance or Celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder in which the small intestine reacts to the ingestion of gluten, a protein that is mostly found in wheat, barley, rye, and sometimes oats.
People with an allergy to wheat do not necessarily have to avoid gluten, like those with Celiac disease. This is because wheat has other proteins that cause an allergic response.
The main proteins in wheat that can cause allergic reactions are albumin, globulin, gliadin, and gluten. The most common culprits are albumin and globulin.
People with a wheat allergy typically can have other grains that contain gluten such as oats, rye, and barley.
It can be difficult, however, to find barley and rye products that don’t have cross-contact with wheat, therefore, people with a wheat allergy often find it easier to follow a gluten-free diet. This is especially the case now that so many gluten-free products are available in grocery stores.
Going Gluten-Free: A Growing Trend
These days, it seems that everyone is avoiding gluten so, you might wonder, do they all have Celiac disease? Not necessarily. Many people follow a gluten-free diet because it is the latest diet trend. When people eliminate gluten, they report feeling better, having more energy, and even losing weight.
This could very well be due to wheat intolerance as it is possible to be intolerant to wheat without having Celiac disease. However, it could also be due to the fact that following a gluten-free diet, at least initially, leads people to eat less processed foods and snack foods that people tend to overeat when on a regular diet.
No matter the reason for avoiding wheat, you’ll find resources here to help you do it!
All of the recipes in the Allergy Free Recipes index are gluten-free (some recipes call for oats so be sure to look for oats that are processed in a dedicated gluten-free facility as the risk of cross-contact with wheat is high).
Finally, be sure to review the following to help read labels and identify foods containing wheat:
Ingredients to avoid
Wheat is in many food ingredients that you may not think about. Some of the ingredients listed below may or may not be derived from wheat such as "modified food starch" and "natural flavoring". The Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act requires that labels clearly identify ingredients containing or derived from wheat, however, it is not required that gluten be listed.
Because the demand for gluten-free foods has grown and continues to grow (an August 2012 survey by Packaged Facts found the market reached $4.2 billion in 2012), many companies are proactively labeling foods gluten-free. As of 2014, the FDA has rules in place for what can be considered gluten-free.
Under these rules, foods that are labeled "gluten-free" can't contain gluten (obvious, right?) But the rules also state that "any avoidable presence of gluten in the food must be less than 20 ppm." This means that companies also have to consider cross-contact with wheat products which is a good thing!
For more information about FALCPA, visit the U.S. FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition website.
Here is a list of ingredients that may contain wheat to watch for on food labels (there may be more):
- wheat (bran, germ, starch)
- bulgur
- flour (graham, durham, enriched)
- gluten
- modified food starch
- malt
- spelt
- vegetable gums
- semolina
- hydrolyzed vegetable protein
- starch
- natural flavoring
Foods commonly containing wheat
This list is fairly long because wheat seems to be in everything! Here is the list of foods to watch out for:
- Snacks - crackers, chips, cereals, snack mixes, pretzels
- Bread - bread, bagels, muffins, rolls, pastries, donuts, pancakes, waffles
- Desserts - cakes, cookies, baking mixes, pies, other baked goods
- Soups - most soups including broths
- Pasta - noodles, packaged dinners containing pasta
- Condiments - soy sauce, worchestire sauce, salad dressings, barbeque sauces, marinades, glazes, some kinds of vinegar
- Beverages - Beer (including non-alcoholic), root beer, drink mixes such as instant breakfast
- Meats - frozen meats (sometimes they are packaged with broth), lunch meats, hot dogs
- Gravies and Sauces - most likely thickened with wheat flour
- Misc. - flour tortillas, stuffing
- Tabbouleh, Tabouleh or Tabouli - a salad made with bulgur
- Pilafs
Wheat free substitutes and recipes
References:
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/foodAllergy/understanding/Pages/quickFacts.aspx, Accessed 3/2013
Food Allergy Initiative, , Accessed 3/2013
Food Allergy Research and Education, www.foodallergy.org, Accessed 3/2013
The Hill, http://thehill.com/blogs/regwatch/healthcare/284929-gluten-free-labeling-rules-head-to-white-house, Accessed 3/2013.